Alosa aestivalis

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Family : Herrings , shads , sardines , menhadens ; Form schools and possibly wintering near the bottom and out from the coast, approaching the shore in the late spring . Feed on small fishes , copepods and small shrimps. Spawn in brackish- or freshwaters of rivers , arriving in coastal waters a month or so later than A. pseudoharengus (in April at Chesapeake Bay , apparently when the water is above 70¦ C and later further north). Eggs are essentially pelagic, demersal in still water [1]. Larvae are found in fresh and brackish rivers[1]. Juveniles leave fresh and brackish nursery grounds at about 5 cm, migrating downstream [1]. Marketed mostly fresh and salted[2]. Parasites found are acanthocephalan and nematodes [3].

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Clupeidae

Distribution: global (mostly tropical ) from 70� N to about 60� S. Chiefly marine coastal and schooling fishes ; some freshwater and anadromous . Body usually fusiform , round to strongly compressed . Head without scales ; jaw teeth, when present, are small or minute. A single dorsal fin, small and near midpoint of body; pelvic fins more or less below dorsal fin base ; dorsal and pelvic fins absent in some species; soft rays only. Lateral line spanning a few scales behind the head in some species, missing in others; scales cycloid (smooth to touch); abdominal scutes usually present (a single pelvic scute in the Dussumieriinae). Branchiostegal rays usually 5-10. Most feed on small planktonic animals. Size range (adults ): from 2 to 75 cm. One of the most important family of commercial fishes, processed for food, oil , or fish meal .The family Clupeidae belongs to the Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) and the Order Clupeiformes. It contains 66 genera and 216 species. It may be found in Marine, Brackish , and Freshwater environments and is primarily Marine. Members of this family are not used in the aquarium trade. Reproductively, most members of this family are nonguarders. The main mode of swimming of adult fish in this family is carangiform . Compared with other fish, the activity level of this family tends to be normal. Members of this family have been dated back to the lower Eocene epoch of the Tertiary period. This family may be found from 70° n to 55° s and 180° w to 179° e. Etymology of this family name : Latin, clupea = sardine, derived from Clupeus = shield ; doubtless a reference to the scales covering the body of the fish + Greek, odous = teeth

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found in water with a depth of -2,441 to 0 meters (-8,009 to 0 feet).[4]

Biome: Fresh water , brackish water, saltwater . Pelagic.

Biology

Migration

Anadromous .

Sound types : swimming noise.

Taxonomy

Ambiguous Synonyms

1. Clupea fasciata Lesueur, 1818
2. Pomolobus cyanonoton Storer, 1848

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Clupea aestivalis Mitchill, 1814
2. Pomolobus aestivalis (Mitchill, 1814)

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Ambiguous Synonym: Clupea fasciata. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: July 23, 1994.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Alosa

There are approximately 109 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

A. aestavalis · A. aestivalis (Blueback Glut Herring) · A. agone (Mediterranean Shad) · A. alabamae (Alabama Shad?names of Fishes 67) · A. alburnus · A. algeriensis · A. alosa (Blueback Glut Herring) · A. alosa alosa (Blueback Glut Herring) · A. alosa bulgarica · A. apicalis · A. argyrochloris · Harengula clupeola · A. braschnikowi (Brazhnikov´s Shad) · A. braschnikowii autumnalis · A. braschnikowii nirchi · A. braschnikowii orientalis · A. braschnikowi braschnikowi (Caspian Marine Shad) · A. braschnikowi sarensis (Caspian Marine Shad) · A. brashnikovi · A. brashnikovi brashnikovi (Caspian Marine Shad) · A. brashnikovi maeotica · A. brevis · A. caspia (Caspian Shad) · A. caspia caspia (Il´men Shad) · A. caspia knipowitschi (Enzeli Shad) · A. caspia nordmanni · A. caspia persica (Astrabad Shad) · A. caspia salina · A. caspia tanaica · A. caspia vistonica · A. chrysochloris (Skipjack Herring) · A. communis · A. cyanonoton · A. elongata · A. fallax (Killarney Shad) · A. fallax algeriensis · A. fallax bolivari · A. fallax fallax (Killarney Shad) · A. fallax killarnensis · A. fallax lacustris · A. fallax nilotica (Mediterranean Shad) · A. fallax rhodanensis · A. fallax subsp. fallax · A. finta · A. finta algeriensis · A. finta killarnensis · A. finta lacustris · A. finta rhodanensis · A. pontica (Kerch Black Sea Shad) · A. kanagurta · A. kessleri (Caspian Anadromous Shad) · A. killarnensis · A. lacustris benacensis · A. lacustris ceresioverbana · A. lacustris lariana · A. lacustrus benacensis · A. lineata · A. macedonica (Macedonia Shad) · A. maeotica (Black Sea Shad) · A. maeotica maeotica · A. malayana · A. mattowacca · A. mediocris (Freshwater Taylor) · A. menhaden · A. fallax subsp. fallax · A. musica · A. nilotica (Mediterranean Shad) · A. ohiensis · A. papalina · A. pectinata · A. pilchardus · A. pontica (Kerch Black Sea Shad) · A. pontica danubii · A. pontica kessleri · A. pontica moriac · A. pontica nigrescens · A. pontica pontica · A. pontica russac · A. praestabilis · A. psendoharengus · A. pseudoharengus (Anadromous Alewives) · A. psuedoharengus · A. reevesii · A. sapadissima · A. sapidisima · A. sapidissima (Connecticut River Shad) · A. sapidissma · A. saposchnikowii (Saposhnikovi Shad) · A. saposhnikovi · A. sardina · Sardinella aurita · A. sp · A. sphaerocephala (Agrakhana Shad) · A. squamopinnata · A. suworowi · A. tanaica (Paeostom Shad) · A. teres · A. toli · A. tyrannus · A. vistonica

More Info

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Further Reading

• A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Report presented at the eighty-ninth annual meeting, Clearwater, Fla., Sept. 16-18, 1959. Ann Arbor, Mich., 1960. ENG url p. 10.
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada.
• Breviora. Cambridge, Mass., Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. ENG url p. 14.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) ENG url p. 118.
• Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter (1994). SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p.
• Distribution and abundance of fishes and invertebrates in Mid- Atlantic estuaries. Silver Spring, Md.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, 1994- ENG url p. 21, p. 246, p. 248, p. 251, p. 261, p. 266, p. 277, p. 4, p. 67.
• Ecology of Buzzards Bay: an estuarine profile / by Brian L. Howes and Dale D. Goehringer and Center for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts; Rebecca J. Howard, project officer. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Biological Service, 1996. ENG url p. 133, p. 49, p. 51.
• Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, no. 1, vol 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, USA. 2905. ISBN: 0-940228-47-5.
• Fish, M.P. and W.H. Mowbray (1970). Sounds of Western North Atlantic fishes. A reference file of biological underwater sounds. The John Hopkins Press, Baltimor.
• Fisheries and fishery resources of New York Bight / J.L. McHugh. [Seattle, WA]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service; 1977. ENG url p. 8.
• Fishery bulletin / U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service: ENG url p. 132, p. 134, p. 157, p. 169, p. 170, p. 211, p. 221, p. 338, p. 339, p. 398, p. 416, p. 473, p. 484, p. 512, p. 612, p. 701, p. 711, p. 716, p. 717, p. 718, p. 719, p. 728, p. 789, p. 919.
• Fishery circular / U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries. [Washington]: The Bureau, 1931-1939. ENG url p. 21, p. 8.
• Fishery statistics of the United States 1975 / prepared by Resource Statistics Division. Washington, D.C.: Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service: 1979. ENG url p. 388.
• Hugg, D.O. (1996). MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America. Life Science Software. Dennis O. and Steven Hugg, 1278 Turkey Point Road, Edgewater, Maryland, USA.
• Mitchill, S.L. (1814). Report in part of Samuel L. Mitchill, M.D., on the fishes of New York. New York. 28 p. (reprinted, 1898 with an introduction and concordance of species by T.N. Gill).
• Munroe, Thomas, A. / Collette, Bruce B., and Grace Klein-MacPhee, eds. 2002. Herrings: Family Clupeidae. Bigelow and Schroeder's Fishes of the Gulf of Maine, Third Edition. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, DC, USA. 111-160. ISBN: 1-56098-951-3.
• Murdy, Edward O., Ray S. Birdsong, and John A. Musick 1997. Fishes of Chesapeake Bay. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, DC, USA. xi + 324. ISBN: 1-56098-638-7.
• NOAA technical report NMFS SSRF. Seattle, Wash.: National Marine Fisheries Service; ENG url p. 12, p. 13, p. 6, p. 8.
• National overview and evolution of NOAA's Estuarine Living Marine Resources (ELMR) Program / David M. Nelson and Mark E. Monaco. Silver Spring. Md.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, 2000. ENG url p. 17, p. 23, p. 29.
• Ontogeny and systematics of fishes: based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of Elbert Halvor Ahlstrom / sponsored by the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Dept. of Commer [New York?]: American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, c1984. ENG url p. 125.
• Our living oceans: report on the status of U.S. living marine resources, 1999. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, [1999] ENG url p. 287.
• Our living oceans: the first annual report on the status of U.S. living marine resources. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1991. ENG url p. 122.
• Our living resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems / [edited by], Edward T. LaRoe [et al.]. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Biological Service, 1995. ENG url p. 261, p. 484, p. 487.
• Oxygen depletion and associated benthic mortalities in New York Bight, 1976 / editors, R. Lawrence Swanson, Carl J. Sindermann. Rockville, Md.: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; 1979. ENG url p. 298.
• Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray (1986). A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p.
• Robins, Richard C., Reeve M. Bailey, Carl E. Bond, James R. Brooker, Ernest A. Lachner, et al. 1991. Common and Scientific Names fo Fishes from the United States and Canada, Fifth Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, no. 20. American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 183. ISBN: 0-913235-70-9.
• Special scientific report. Seattle, National Marine Fisheries Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1971. ENG url p. 14, p. 18, p. 19, p. 20, p. 21, p. 4, p. 44, p. 5, p. 85, p. 87.
• Studies of estuarine dependence of Atlantic coastal fishes, by John Clark [and others] Washington, U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife; [for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.]1969. ENG url p. 44.
• The Biological bulletin. Woods Hole, Mass.: Marine Biological Laboratory, ENG url p. 309, p. 377.
• Whitehead, P.J.P. (1985). FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1 - Chirocentridae,
• Whitehead, Peter J. P. 1985. Clupeoid Fishes of the World (Suborder Clupeoidei): An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of the Herrings, Sardines, Pilchards, Sprats, Shads, Anchovies and Wolf-herrings: Part 1 - Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, no. 125, vol. 7, pt. 1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy. x + 303. ISBN: 92-5-102340-9.

Notes

Contributors

• American Fisheries Society. Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United states, Canada, and Mexico Sixth Edition. Special Publication 29.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 5, 2007.
• FishBase
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 01, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 8 providers.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 01, 2008:

• Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Fish Collection
• Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates: Fish Collection
• FishBase: FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Atlantic Reference Centre (OBIS Canada)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Bay of Fundy Species List (OBIS Canada)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Canadian Museum of Nature - Fish Collection (OBIS Canada)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: DFO Maritimes Research Vessel Trawl Surveys Fish Observations (OBIS Canada)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: ECNASAP - East Coast North America Strategic Assessment (OBIS Canada)
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University: Gulf of Maine Bottom Trawl Survey Data (NEFSC,NMFS,NOAA)(USOBIS)
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Fish Collection
• Royal Ontario Museum: Fish specimens
• Senckenberg: Collection Pisces
• University of Kansas Biodiversity Research Center: Fish Collection

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2486648
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-23327
• Fishbase Species ID: 1574
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13754516
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 161703
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: AFCFA01010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 15650

Footnotes

1. Jones, P.W., F.D. Martin and J.D. Hardy, Jr. (1978). Development of fishes of the Mid-Atlantic Bight. An atlas of eggs, larval and juvenile stages. Vol. 1. Acipenseridae through Ictaluridae. U.S. Fish Wildl. Ser. Biol. Serv. Program FWS/OBS-78/12. 33 [back]
2. Whitehead, P.J.P. (1985). FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1 - Chirocentridae, [back]
3. Bigelow, H.B., M.G. Bradbury, J.R. Dymond, J.R. Greeley, S.F. Hildebrand, G.W. Mead, R.R. Miller, L.R. Rivas, W.L. Schroeder, R.D. Suttkus and V.D. Vladykov (1963). Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part three. New Haven, Sears Found. Mar. Res., Y [back]
4. Mean = -64.030 meters (-210.072 feet), Standard Deviation = 159.580 based on 949 observations. Ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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