Alligator mississippiensis

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Federally protected. American alligator populations were in decline until the 1980 because of poaching for their hides and habitat destruction. Populations have now recovered.

Alligator spotting techniques: Watch for eyes, head or snout protruding from water surface. Also, use a flashlight at night to shine on the water in order to locate an alligator by its glowing red-orange eyes.

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

Usually seen in large streams , canals, ponds , lakes , marshes, swamps , and tidal estuaries.

Typically found in a lake at a mean distance from sea level of 541 meters (1,776 feet).[1]

Biology

Diet

Alligators have a wide, varied diet but tend to mainly feed on turtles, snakes , small mammals, crayfish, birds, mammals, and frogs .

The alligators' food changes with age. The young feed on insects and on freshwater shrimp. As they grow older they eat frogs, snakes and fish. Mature adults live mainly on fish but will catch muskrats and small mammals that go down to the water's edge to drink. They also take a certain amount of waterfowl. Very large alligators may occasionally pull large mammals such as deer or cows down into the water and drown them.

Reproduction

Alligators breed from mid-May to late September. Later in the summer females lay around 30 eggs in a large mound of vegetation usually near the water around trees . Decay of organic material in this "nest" helps warm the eggs and protects them from predators . Females guard the nest and care for the young up to three years after hatching and sometimes even longer .

In preparation for egg laying, the female searches for a place at the edge of a pond or marsh where there is moist debris--leaf mold, twigs and branches and even growing shrubbery. This she scrapes into a high mound and then digs a cavity in the top of the heap in which she deposits about 29-68 eggs. Unlike most other reptiles , she guards them until they hatch about nine weeks later. Incubation is 2-3 months.

When ready to hatch, baby alligators make faint squeaking sounds signaling their mother to help them tear open the mound. Baby alligators are 8 inches long when first hatched and grow 1 foot a year, reaching maturity at 6-7 years of age. It is uncertain how long alligators live; in isolated protected habitats they may live 50 years or more.

Young alligators are an easy prey to carnivorous fish, birds and mammals. At all stages of growth they are attached and eaten by large alligators.

Behavior

Alligators are diurnal and nocturnal . They live in large holes called dens , which provide protection from harsh conditions. Alligators usually bask in the spring and summer outside of their dens.

Somewhat clumsy out of water, the alligator is superbly equipped to live in it. They are strong swimmers and experts at drifting along on the surface, submerged except for their bulging eyes and nostrils. Their long flat jaws not even making a ripple in the water as they stalk turtles, swimming birds and fishes .Adult alligators have dens to which they regularly retire. These dens are holes in riverbanks, and it is in them that the cooler months are weathered. Except at breeding time, they are likely to lead a solitary existence.

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Alligator lucius Duméril and Bibron 1836: 75 • Alligator lucius — Clarke 1888 • Alligator lucius — DumÉril & Bibron 1836: 75 • Alligator mississippiensis — Conant & Collins 1991: 39 • Alligator mississippiensis — Holbrook 1842: 53 • Crocodilus cuvieri Leach 1815: 117 • Crocodilus lucius Cuvier 1807: 28 • Crocodilus mississipiensis Daudin 1802

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Holotype: MNHN, according to Guibé (personal reply in Hemming 1956) Holbrook (1842) emended Daudin's `mississipiensis' to the present spelling, and that emendation was declared valid by the Intl. Comm. Zool. Nomen., see Hemming 1958, Opin. Declar. Rendered Intl. Comm. Zool. Nomen. 1F(F.8):87-126 (after King & Burke 1989). One of the many reptile species which have temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD, see Valenzuela & Lance 2004 for details).

Similar Species

An alligator is much like a crocodile in appearance, but has a broader, more rounded snout. Also the fourth tooth from the front of the lower jaw lies inside the closed mouth rather than outside as it does in the crocodile.

Members of the genus Alligator

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 3 species and subspecies in this genus:

A. mississipiensis (Alligator) · A. mississippiensis (American Alligator) · A. sinensis (Chinese Alligator)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• Crocodile Specialist Group 1996. Alligator mississippiensis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 30January2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 27, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 6 providers.
• Honolulu Zoo
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
• North Carolina Zoo, Asheboro, NC.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• TIGR Reptile Database . Release date: October 2, 2007
• Uetz, Peter. The Reptile Database

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 27, 2008:

• Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB: Paleobiology Database
• Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: MCZ Herpetology Collection - Reptile Database
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology: Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• Sternberg Museum of Natural History: Herp Collection
• University of Alberta: University of Alberta Herpetology Collection
• Yale University Peabody Museum: Peabody Herp Collection DiGIR provider Service

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2535958
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Rep-214
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13536499
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 551771
• IUCN ID: 189802
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ARABA01010
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: C000
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 13149

Footnotes

1. Standard Deviation = 1,737.390 based on 10 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Curator for this page: Marco de Andrade. Date last reviewed: 12/30/1899

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