Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Afrikaans:
Hartebeest
Common Names in English:
Coke's Hartebeest, Common hartebeest, Hartbebeest, Hartebeest, Kongoni, Red Hartebeest, Swayne's Hartebeest
Common Names in Russian:
Бубал обыкновенный, конгони
Description
Habitat
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,749 meters (0 to 9,019 feet).[1]
Ecology:
More tolerant
of woodland areas and high grass
than other alcelaphines,
Hartebeest prefer the edge
to the middle
of open plains
; for example,
in open areas such as the grassland of the Serengeti N.P. in Tanzania,
they are typically found around the edge of woodland (Estes 1991;
Gosling and Capellini in press
). They have been recorded to 4,000
m
on Mt
Kenya (Young and Evans 1993). Almost exclusively grazers
,
Hartebeests feed
selectively in medium-height grassland; they are
less water dependant than other alcelaphines, but nonetheless dependent
on the availability of surface drinking water.[2].
List of Habitats
:
- 1 Forest
- 1.5 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
- 1.6 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland
- 1.9 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane
- 2 Savanna
- 2.1 Savanna - Dry
- 2.2 Savanna - Moist
- 3 Shrubland
- 3.4 Shrubland - Temperate
- 3.5 Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
- 4 Grassland
- 4.4 Grassland - Temperate
- 4.5 Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry [more info]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
()
- Goodrich, 1930
- Class:
Mammalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Subclass:
Theriiformes
()
- (Rowe, 1988) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Infraclass:
Holotheria
()
- (Wible et al., 1995) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Superlegion:
Trechnotheria
()
- McKenna, 1975
- Legion:
Cladotheria
()
- McKenna, 1975
- Sublegion:
Zatheria
()
- McKenna, 1975
- Infralegion:
Tribosphenida
()
- (McKenna, 1975) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Supercohort:
Theria
()
- (Parker & Haswell, 1897) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Cohort:
Placentalia
()
- (Owen, 1837) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997
- Magnorder:
Epitheria
()
- (Mckenna, 1975) M.c. Mckenna & S.k. Bell, 1997
- Superorder:
Preptotheria
()
- (McKenna, 1975) McKenna, in Stucky & McKenna, in Benton, ed., 1993
- Grandorder:
Ungulata
()
- (C. Linnaeus, 1766) McKenna, 1975
- Mirorder:
Eparctocyona
()
- McKenna, 1975
- Order:
Cetartiodactyla
()
- Owen, 1848
- Suborder:
Ruminantia
()
- Scopoli, 1777
- Superfamily:
Bovoidea
()
- (Gray, 1821) Simpson, 1931
- Family:
Bovidae
()
- Gray, 1821
- Subfamily:
Alcelaphinae
()
- Tribe:
Alcelaphini
()
- Genus:
Alcelaphus
()
- Blainville, 1816
- Specific name:
buselaphus
- (Pallas, 1766)
- Scientific name: - Alcelaphus buselaphus (Pallas, 1766)
- Specific name:
buselaphus
- (Pallas, 1766)
- Genus:
Alcelaphus
(
- Tribe:
Alcelaphini
(
- Subfamily:
Alcelaphinae
(
- Family:
Bovidae
(
- Superfamily:
Bovoidea
(
- Suborder:
Ruminantia
(
- Order:
Cetartiodactyla
(
- Mirorder:
Eparctocyona
(
- Grandorder:
Ungulata
(
- Superorder:
Preptotheria
(
- Magnorder:
Epitheria
(
- Cohort:
Placentalia
(
- Supercohort:
Theria
(
- Infralegion:
Tribosphenida
(
- Sublegion:
Zatheria
(
- Legion:
Cladotheria
(
- Superlegion:
Trechnotheria
(
- Infraclass:
Holotheria
(
- Subclass:
Theriiformes
(
- Class:
Mammalia
(
- Superclass:
Tetrapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 22-Apr-2004
Following Gosling and Capellini (in press
), and in contrast to Grubb
(2005), this species is here considered to include both Red Hartebeest
A. caama and Lichtenstein's Hartebeest A. lichtensteinii.
A total of eight subspecies
are recognized: Western Hartebeest or
Kanki (A. b
. major); Lelwel Hartebeest (A. b. lelwel);
Tora Hartebeest (A. b. tora); Swayne's Hartebeest or Korkay
(A. b. swaynei); Coke's Hartebeest or Kongoni (A. b. cokii);
Lichtenstein's Hartebeest; and Red Hartebeest. The eighth and nominate
subspecies, the Bubal Hartebeest A. b. buselaphus, from North
Africa is now Extinct
.
Intergrade
populations occur between
lelwel and cokii (Kenya Hartebeest, and extinct Nakura
Hartebeest), and have been reported between others.[2].
Similar Species
Members of the genus Alcelaphus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 11 species and subspecies in this genus:
A. buselaphus (Coke's Hartebeest) · A. buselaphus buselaphus (Bubal Hartebeest) · A. buselaphus caama (Red Hartebeest) · A. buselaphus cokii (Coke's Hartebeest) · A. buselaphus jacksoni (Jackson's Hartebeest) · A. buselaphus lelwel (Lelwel Hartebeest) · A. buselaphus lichtensteinii (Lichtenstein's Hartebeest) · A. buselaphus major (Western Hartebeest) · A. buselaphus swaynei (Swayne's Hartebeest) · A. buselaphus tora (Tora Hartebeest) · A. lichtensteinii (Lichtenstein's Hartebeest)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Biosphere Reserves, Compilation 4, October 1986: programme on man and the biosphere (MAB) IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 107, p. 278, p. 392, p. 57, p. 91.
- Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) url p. 171, p. 245, p. 305.
- Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 83 1939 Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, 1863- url p. 470, p. 473, p. 590, p. 605, p. 658, p. 666, p. 676, p. 679, p. 685, p. 743, p. 751, p. 753.
- Directory of Wetlands of International Importance. IUCN url p. 542.
- Extinct and vanishing mammals of the Old World. Illus. by Earl L. Poole. New York, American Committee for International Wild Life Protection, 1945. url p. 642, p. 794, p. 817.
- IUCN Directory of Afrotropical Protected Areas IUCN, UNEP url p. 1011, p. 104, p. 109, p. 110, p. 119, p. 12, p. 123, p. 130, p. 160, p. 228, p. 229, p. 26, p. 263, p. 268, p. 272, p. 274, p. 28, p. 387, p. 40, p. 436, p. 447, p. 450, p. 454, p. 458, p. 465, p. 467, p. 47, p. 480, p. 484, p. 487, p. 49, p. 496, p. 57, p. 587, p. 588, p. 59, p. 591, p. 593, p. 603, p. 613, p. 618, p. 63, p. 637, p. 639, p. 640, p. 641, p. 642, p. 648, p. 659, p. 660, p. 666, p. 672, p. 679, p. 686, p. 689, p. 693, p. 696, p. 700, p. 701, p. 709, p. 714, p. 722, p. 727, p. 728, p. 769, p. 802, p. 804, p. 81, p. 82, p. 846, p. 849, p. 851, p. 854, p. 858, p. 872, p. 889, p. 891, p. 901, p. 98.
- Late Pleistocene vertebrates from archaeological sites in the Plain of Kom Ombo, Upper Egypt / [Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum], 1972. url , , p. 105, p. 128, p. 136, p. 140, p. 93, p. 97.
- North American fauna. Washington: Fish and Wildlife Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U. S. Govt. Print. Off. url p. 915.
- Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 577, p. 603, p. 611, p. 614.
- Spixiana. 3 1980 München: Zoologische Staatssammlung München, 1977- url p. 180.
- The Entomologist's record and journal of variation. s.l., s.n. url p. 170.
- The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai) / Dale J. Osborn, Ibrahim Helmy. 5 1980 [Chicago]: Field Museum of Natural History, 1980. url p. 484, p. 485, p. ix, p. xiv.
- The mammals of Africa: country lists. Draft document IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre, UNEP, WWF url , , , , .
- Vertebrate life / Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, c1996. url p. 720.
- Veröffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München. 3 1953 München: Die Staatssammlung, url p. 30.
- World Checklist of Threatened Mammals JNCC url p. 148, p. 149.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group 2008. Alcelaphus buselaphus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 30January2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 26, 2007:
- Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Vertebrate specimens
- Marine Science Institute, UCSB, Paleobiology Database
- Michigan State University Museum, Vertebrate specimens
- OZCAM
- Provider, Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums
- University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
- , Mammal specimens
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 106102
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-625077
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13815838
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 625077
- IUCN ID: 189682
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 533
Footnotes
- Mean = 840.410 meters (2,757.251 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,251.040 based on 114 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
- IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group 2008. Alcelaphus buselaphus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 30 January 2012. [back]
