Aix sponsa

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Physical Description

Habitat

The Wood Duck spends most of its time in the water or in forests , always being close to a creek , river , pond , or swamp . They prefer freshwater waterways , streams , woodland habitat surrounding hillside lakes .

Vegetation: freshwater lakes and ponds, streams • Maximum Elevation: 900 meters • Foraging Strata: Water • Center of Abundance: Lower tropical: lowlands, lower than 500 m.; tropics. • Sensitivity to Disturbancet: Medium

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,848 meters (0 to 9,344 feet).[1]

Ecology: List of Habitats : 5.1 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls ) 5.5 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)

Biology

Diet

The primary food for the adult is acorns , along with some fruits and nut products which it gathers in shallow flooded areas or on the ground along wooded stream banks. It will eat alternative seed crops from plants such as cypress, hickory, and buttonbush (a shrub in the genus Cephalanthus that commonly grows in swamps and along pond borders and stream margins). They also eat floating freshwater plant matter such as duckweed. When preferred foods are unavailable , waste corn from fields is sometimes eaten.

Reproduction

In the southern portion of its range , the Wood Duck begins nesting In February and early March. In the northern areas, breeding begins in mid-March to mid-April. The peak breeding season in the South is mid-March to mid-April; in the North it is late March through April. The Wood Duck is a cavity nester , readily using man-made nest boxes when natural cavities are limited. Nest cavities are usually located within 1 mile of water, and average 9 m (30 feet) above the ground . The nest is lined with wood chips and down . The female lays 6-15 (usually 10-15) eggs . Any nest with more than 15 eggs probably contains eggs that have been "dumped" by one or more other females. Like many other bird species, a female Wood Duck will lay eggs in others' nests. The reasons for this behavior are unknown, but may include a female's own nest having been destroyed or a female not wanting to "put all her eggs in one basket," as the saying goes. Dumped eggs can result in an apparent clutch size of up to 50 eggs. Females incubate the eggs for approximately 30 days, only leaving the nest twice a day. The young are precocial and remain in the nest for 24 hours. The female coaxes the young out of the cavity and leads them to the nearest water. The female will then care for the young for 56-70 days, at which time they become independent

• Breeding Habitat: Wetland-open water
• Nest Type: Cavity
• Clutch Size: 8-15
• Length of Incubation : 28-37 days
• Days to Fledge : 56-70
• Number of Broods: 1, occasionally 2, especially in south

Migration

Migratory

Behavior

Wood Ducks are among the few ducks that roost and nest in trees . Newly hatched chicks will jump from the nest to follow their mother to water. Baby Wood Ducks can survive falls of more than 40 ft . Male Wood Ducks are extremely territorial during the mating season , and aggressively protect the area around the female.

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001.

Similar Species

Blue Winged Teal, Green Winged Teal

Members of the genus Aix

There are approximately 2 species in this genus:

A. galericulata (Mandarin Duck) · A. sponsa (North American Wood Duck)

More Info

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• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A bibliography of birds: with special reference to anatomy, behavior, biochemistry --. by Reuben Myron Strong Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1946 UND url p. 112, p. 125, p. 202, p. 203, p. 243, p. 385, p. 437, p. 8.
• A catalogue of the flowering plants and higher cryptogams, both native and introduced, found within about thirty miles of Hanover, N. H., including a few cultivated species, to which is appended a list of vertebrate animals of the same region. By Henry Je [Hanover?]Printed for the Author, 1891. ENG url p. 66.
• A check list of North American birds. Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1882. ENG url p. 114.
• A checklist of the vertebrate animals of Kansas / George D. Potts, Joseph T. Collins. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 1991. ENG url p. 7.
• A guide to the birds of New England and eastern New York; containing a key for each season and short descriptions of over 250 species, with particular reference to their appearance in the field, by Ralph Huffmann...with four full page plates by Louis Agas BostonHoughton, Mifflin and company1904. ENG url p. 301, p. 353.
• A hand-list of British birds, with an account of the distribution of each species in the British Isles and abroad. By Ernst Hartert, F. C. R. Jourdain, N. F. Ticehurst and H. F. Withersby. London, Witherby, 1912. ENG url p. 137, p. 219.
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Notes

Contributors

• BirdLife International 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 18, 2008.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 27, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 22 providers.
• Peterson, Alan P. Zoological Nomenclature Resource. Accessed June 19, 2009.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 27, 2007:

• Avian Knowledge Network, eBird
• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Ontario Nest Records
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Birds
• Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, Royal British Columbia Museum
• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Terrestrial vertebrate specimens
• New Brunswick Museum, NBM birds
• Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara Musem of Natural History
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Herts Bird Club - Hertfordshire Breeding Bird Atlas : 1988-1992
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM, CNAV/Coleccion Nacional de Aves

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3854351
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-175122
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13729682
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 175122
• IUCN ID: 47174
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: ABNJB09010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 912

Footnotes

1. Mean = 292.330 meters (959.088 feet), Standard Deviation = 395.730 based on 20,000 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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