Description
Family Nymphalidae
'The Nymphalidae are members
of the Superfamily
Papilionoidea, the true butterflies. Distributed worldwide, butterflies of this family
are especially rich in the tropics. They are highly variable, and there are more species in this family than in any other. Adults
vary in size from small to large, and their front legs
are reduced, unable to be used for walking. Wing shape
is also highly variable: some species have irregular margins
(anglewings and commas), and others have long taillike projections (daggerwings). Browns, oranges, yellows, and blacks are frequent colors, while iridescent
colors such as purples and blues are rare. Adults of some groups are the longest-lived butterflies, surviving 6-11 months. Adult feeding behavior depends on the species, where some groups primarily seek flower nectar while others only feed
on sap
flows
, rotting fruit, dung, or animal carcasses. Males exhibit
perching
and patrolling
behaviors when seeking mates. Egg-laying
varies widely, as some species lay eggs
in clustsers, others in columns, and others singly. Caterpillar appearance
and behavior vary widely. Brushfoots overwinter
as larvae or adults.
'[1]
Subfamily Limenitidinae
The Limenitidinae are members of the Family Nymphalidae. These admirals and relatives are found on most continents. Adults of most genera are characterized by their flap-and-glide flight. Caterpillar and chrysalis structure defines this group.[2]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Protostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Ecdysozoa
()
- Aguinaldo Et Al., 1997 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Superphylum:
Panarthropoda
()
- Cuvier
- Phylum:
Arthropoda
()
- Latreille, 1829
- Arthropods
- Subphylum:
Mandibulata
()
- Snodgrass, 1938
- Infraphylum:
Atelocerata
()
- Heymons, 1901
- Superclass:
Panhexapoda
()
- Epiclass:
Hexapoda
()
- Class:
Insecta
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- Insects
- Subclass:
Dicondylia
()
- Infraclass:
Pterygota
()
- Cohort:
Myoglossata
()
- Superorder:
Amphiesmenoptera
()
- Order:
Lepidoptera
()
- Linnaeus, 1758
- Butterflies and Moths
- Infraorder:
Heteroneura
()
- Family:
Nymphalidae
()
- Brushfooted Butterflies
- Subfamily:
Limenitidinae
()
- Admirals
- Genus:
Adelpha
()
- Specific name:
alala
- Scientific name: - Adelpha alala
- Specific name:
alala
- Genus:
Adelpha
(
- Subfamily:
Limenitidinae
(
- Family:
Nymphalidae
(
- Infraorder:
Heteroneura
(
- Order:
Lepidoptera
(
- Superorder:
Amphiesmenoptera
(
- Cohort:
Myoglossata
(
- Infraclass:
Pterygota
(
- Subclass:
Dicondylia
(
- Class:
Insecta
(
- Epiclass:
Hexapoda
(
- Superclass:
Panhexapoda
(
- Infraphylum:
Atelocerata
(
- Subphylum:
Mandibulata
(
- Phylum:
Arthropoda
(
- Superphylum:
Panarthropoda
(
- Infrakingdom:
Ecdysozoa
(
- Branch:
Protostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Adelpha
There are approximately 102 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
A. abia · A. aethalia · A. alala · A. alala negra (Alala Sister) · A. aricia · A. attica (Attica Sister) · A. barnesia · A. barnesia leucas · A. basiloides (Spot-Celled Sister) · A. boeotia (Boeotia Sister) · A. boeotia boeotia · A. boreas · A. bredowii (California Sister) · A. bredowii eulalia (Arizona Sister) · A. californica (Adelpha Californica) · A. calliphane (Calliphanes Sister) · A. capucinus capucinus (Capucinus Sister) · A. celerio · A. cestus · A. cocala · A. cocala lorzae · A. coryneta · A. cytherea · A. cytherea cytherea · A. cytherea marcia (Smooth-Banded Sister) · A. deborah · A. delphicola (Delphicola Sister) · A. demialba · A. diocles · A. dominula · A. ehrhardi · A. epione (Epione Sister) · A. epiphicla · A. epizygis (Epizygis Sister) · A. erotia (Erotia Sister) · A. erymanthis · A. eulalia (Arizona Sister) · A. falcata · A. falcipennis · A. felderi · A. fessonia (Band-Celled Sister) · A. fessonia fessonia · A. gelania · A. goyama · A. helepecki · A. heraclea · A. iphicla · A. iphicleola · A. iphicleola iphicleola · A. iphiclus (Pointer Sister) · A. iphiclus iphiclus · A. irma · A. irmina · A. isis · A. isis divina · A. ixia · A. jordani (Jordan's Sister) · A. justina (Justina Sister) · A. lara · A. lerna aeolia · A. leuceria · A. leucophthalma · A. lycorias · A. lycorias lara (Lara Sister) · A. lycorias melanthe · A. malea (Malea Sister) · A. malea aethalia · A. massilia · A. melanippe · A. melanthe · A. mesentina (Mesentina Sister) · A. messana · A. mythra · A. naxia · A. nea · A. olynthia (Olynthia Sister) · A. paraena · A. paraena massilia (Single-Spot Sister) · A. phylaca (Cecropian Sister) · A. pithys · A. plesaure · A. pollina · A. rothschildi · A. salmoneus salmonides · A. saundersi · A. sentia · A. seriphia godmani · A. serpa · A. serpa celerio (Celerio Sister) · A. sichaeus · A. sophax · A. stilesiana · A. syma (Syma Sister) · A. thesprotia (Thesprotia Sister) · A. thessalia · A. thessalia indefecta (Indefecta Sister) · A. thoasa (Thoasa Sister) · A. tracta (Tracta Sister) · A. valentina · A. ximena
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 633.
Notes
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2957508
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14759769
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 2649269
